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Rout of Winchester
In the Rout of Winchester on September 14, 1141 the army of imprisoned King Stephen of England, led by his wife, Queen Matilda of Boulogne and William of Ypres, defeated the army of Stephen's cousin Empress Matilda, whose Angevin forces were commanded by Earl Robert of Gloucester. This was a major event during the civil war known as The Anarchy, as the captured Robert of Gloucester was subsequently exchanged for Stephen, who was returned to the throne of England, replacing the Empress Matilda.
==Background==
During The Anarchy King Stephen, a nephew of Henry I of England, contended with Henry's daughter Matilda (also called Maud) for the throne Stephen had usurped. At the Battle of Lincoln on February 2, 1141, rebel barons Robert of Gloucester and Ranulf of Chester defeated and captured Stephen. Empress Matilda went on to seize London but its residents forced her out of the city on June 24. The forces of Stephen's queen, also named Matilda (Matilda of Boulogne), soon occupied London.
Stephen's brother, Henry, Bishop of Winchester, who had earlier defected to Empress Matilda's Angevin faction, changed sides again to support Stephen's queen. With a small force Henry laid siege to the royal castle at Winchester situated at the southwest corner of the city walls. Empress Matilda sortied from Oxford in late July with a substantial army commanded by Robert of Gloucester.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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